Whether they have been edited, taken out of context, cleverly framed, or simply use optical illusions, images can sometimes be misleading... For each image, it's up to you to decide: is it authentic, has it been manipulated, or is it a montage? It's your turn! 1. Why are “conspiracy theories” often popular? They offer simple explanations for complex events and evoke strong emotions. They are always based on scientific facts. They help solve problems objectively. None 2. A website publishes a photo to illustrate an ongoing war. While searching the internet, you discover that the same photo was used to illustrate a different conflict several years earlier. What manipulation was used? Digital retouching An image taken out of context A deepfake A photomontage None 3. What are the dangers of conspiracy theories in fragile societies, such as in the Balkans? They strengthen trust between ethnic and political groups. They exacerbate ethnic and political divisions, create mistrust, and undermine dialogue. They have no impact on society. None 4. A friend sends you a photo showing riots in the city center, saying it was taken today. You go to X and find it posted on several accounts and shared thousands of times. What should you do before believing it is authentic? Share it to alert your followers about the event. Check whether the image was taken at another event using a reverse image search. Rely solely on the account that posted it Consult several sources to see if the event has been reported by reputable media outlets. None 5. If someone tells you, “I was cured of X disease thanks to naturopathy, it's proven!” or “I lost 10 pounds in a month thanks to a miracle diet, it's proven!” but doesn't provide any studies or reliable data, what is the biggest problem here? The person is surely talking about an exceptional case. This is a generalization based on personal experience without solid evidence. The person has probably completed a validated scientific program. The miracle diet is probably revolutionizing nutrition! None 6. What is the main purpose of the “ad hominem” argument? Criticize the other person's idea without attacking them personally. Diverting attention by attacking the person presenting the argument rather than the argument itself. Provide a rational response to an argument based on facts. None 7. What cognitive bias is often used in conspiracy theories? Confirmation bias The placebo effect Anchoring bias Optimism bias None 8. What does the term “clickbait” mean? A misleading headline that attracts attention but bears no relation to the actual content of the article. A type of informative article that is accurate and direct. A video advertisement that automatically opens when an article is played. None 9. Scrolling through X, you find that an article has been shared many times claiming that the elections were rigged. How should you react? Share the article immediately, as it has been widely shared even by verified accounts. Verify the authenticity of the article by checking who the author is and which website is sharing the information. Cross-check the information by consulting other sources to see if it has been confirmed by several media outlets and authorities. Consider the article to be probably true, as it raises legitimate concerns about the electoral process. None 10. A viral video claims that “the pyramids were built by aliens, because it is impossible that humans had such advanced technology at the time.” What bias is being used here? The argument of ignorance (“we don't know, so...”) The false dilemma fallacy Circular reasoning The ad hominem attack None Time's up
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