Whether they have been edited, taken out of context, cleverly framed, or simply use optical illusions, images can sometimes be misleading... For each image, it's up to you to decide: is it authentic, has it been manipulated, or is it a montage? It's your turn! 1. A website publishes a photo to illustrate an ongoing war. While searching the internet, you discover that the same photo was used to illustrate a different conflict several years earlier. What manipulation was used? Digital retouching An image taken out of context A deepfake A photomontage None 2. In this sentence, what is the fallacious argument used? -- “Why listen to this politician's advice on the economy? He failed in his own business!” Appeal to authority Ad hominem False cause None 3. If someone tells you, “I was cured of X disease thanks to naturopathy, it's proven!” or “I lost 10 pounds in a month thanks to a miracle diet, it's proven!” but doesn't provide any studies or reliable data, what is the biggest problem here? The person is surely talking about an exceptional case. This is a generalization based on personal experience without solid evidence. The person has probably completed a validated scientific program. The miracle diet is probably revolutionizing nutrition! None 4. Why are “conspiracy theories” often popular? They offer simple explanations for complex events and evoke strong emotions. They are always based on scientific facts. They help solve problems objectively. None 5. Scrolling through X, you find that an article has been shared many times claiming that the elections were rigged. How should you react? Share the article immediately, as it has been widely shared even by verified accounts. Verify the authenticity of the article by checking who the author is and which website is sharing the information. Cross-check the information by consulting other sources to see if it has been confirmed by several media outlets and authorities. Consider the article to be probably true, as it raises legitimate concerns about the electoral process. None 6. What cognitive bias is often used in conspiracy theories? Confirmation bias The placebo effect Anchoring bias Optimism bias None 7. A viral video claims that “the pyramids were built by aliens, because it is impossible that humans had such advanced technology at the time.” What bias is being used here? The argument of ignorance (“we don't know, so...”) The false dilemma fallacy Circular reasoning The ad hominem attack None 8. Deepfakes are... Videos or images modified by artificial intelligence Images created to deceive by replacing faces or altering reality A guarantee of authenticity on social media A technology used only in cinema None 9. What is the main purpose of the “ad hominem” argument? Criticize the other person's idea without attacking them personally. Diverting attention by attacking the person presenting the argument rather than the argument itself. Provide a rational response to an argument based on facts. None 10. In this sentence, what is the fallacious argument used? -- “There is no evidence that aliens do not exist, therefore they must exist.” Argument from ignorance False dichotomy False cause None Time's up
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