Whether they have been edited, taken out of context, cleverly framed, or simply use optical illusions, images can sometimes be misleading... For each image, it's up to you to decide: is it authentic, has it been manipulated, or is it a montage? It's your turn! 1. What does the term “clickbait” mean? A misleading headline that attracts attention but bears no relation to the actual content of the article. A type of informative article that is accurate and direct. A video advertisement that automatically opens when an article is played. None 2. What strategy is often used in conspiracy theories? Scientific reasoning based on reproducible experiments The accumulation of facts with no logical connection (argumentative mille-feuille) Acceptance of criticism and contradictory debate Exclusive citation of recognized academic sources None 3. What are the dangers of conspiracy theories in fragile societies, such as in the Balkans? They strengthen trust between ethnic and political groups. They exacerbate ethnic and political divisions, create mistrust, and undermine dialogue. They have no impact on society. None 4. In this sentence, what is the fallacious argument used? -- “There is no evidence that aliens do not exist, therefore they must exist.” Argument from ignorance False dichotomy False cause None 5. During a debate, someone says to you: “Scientists don't want to admit the truth about global warming, they're paid by big companies to lie!” What cognitive bias is at play here? Confirmation bias. Representativeness bias. Anchoring bias. Availability bias. None 6. A friend sends you a photo showing riots in the city center, saying it was taken today. You go to X and find it posted on several accounts and shared thousands of times. What should you do before believing it is authentic? Share it to alert your followers about the event. Check whether the image was taken at another event using a reverse image search. Rely solely on the account that posted it Consult several sources to see if the event has been reported by reputable media outlets. None 7. If someone tells you, “I was cured of X disease thanks to naturopathy, it's proven!” or “I lost 10 pounds in a month thanks to a miracle diet, it's proven!” but doesn't provide any studies or reliable data, what is the biggest problem here? The person is surely talking about an exceptional case. This is a generalization based on personal experience without solid evidence. The person has probably completed a validated scientific program. The miracle diet is probably revolutionizing nutrition! None 8. What cognitive bias is often used in conspiracy theories? Confirmation bias The placebo effect Anchoring bias Optimism bias None 9. What is the main purpose of the “ad hominem” argument? Criticize the other person's idea without attacking them personally. Diverting attention by attacking the person presenting the argument rather than the argument itself. Provide a rational response to an argument based on facts. None 10. What is the flawed reasoning in this sentence? -- “Either you are for freedom of speech, or you are against democracy.” False cause False dichotomy Circular reasoning None Time's up
