1. What cognitive bias causes us to favor information that confirms our existing beliefs, while ignoring information that contradicts them?
2. What cognitive error involves perceiving a relationship between two events that does not actually exist?
3. Which of these judgments illustrates what is known as the “halo effect”?
4. Cognitive biases affect...
5. During salary negotiations, the employer initially offers a salary that is lower than the candidate's expectations. Influenced by this initial offer, the candidate ultimately accepts a salary that is slightly higher than the initial proposal, but still below what they had hoped for. What cognitive bias is at play here?
6. Our judgments may be biased when …
7. Nikola is convinced that global warming is real. He has read the conclusions of the IPCC report. Maria, on the other hand, does not believe in climate change. The more she researches the subject on the internet, the more she discovers information that contradicts the scientists. Global warming does not exist; it is a fad among environmentalists. In fact, while searching the internet, she found many articles and testimonials that refute this idea and question the reliability of the IPCC, but she did not want to read the report. This makes discussion between them impossible. What bias influences Nikola and Maria in their research and their inability to understand each other?
8. Marko recently started reading books about conspiracy theories and watching videos on YouTube. After a few weeks, he feels increasingly confident about his new beliefs. He decides to convince his friends and family that they are being manipulated by the media and that they cannot see the “truth.” When his friends explain to him that these theories are often unfounded and not based on solid evidence, Julien is frustrated. He is convinced that they need to open their eyes and do their own research because his understanding of the subject is much more in-depth than theirs. What cognitive bias is at play in this situation?
9. When the way information is presented influences our decision, what bias is at work?
10. What bias causes us to place excessive importance on the first piece of information we receive when making decisions?
