Whether they have been edited, taken out of context, cleverly framed, or simply use optical illusions, images can sometimes be misleading... For each image, it's up to you to decide: is it authentic, has it been manipulated, or is it a montage? It's up to you! 1. In the context of the media, what expression describes a situation where certain information or beliefs are repeated over and over again, thereby reinforcing their perceived importance to the public? Media echo chamber Halo effect Availability bias Illusion of truth None 2. According to the Munich Charter, which governs journalistic ethics, journalists must: Of these three statements, only one is true. Which one? Respect people's dignity, do not distort the facts, cross-check information and correct errors, refuse any external pressure that could influence your work. Adapt facts to audience expectations, avoid sensitive topics so as not to offend the audience, protect sources only if this does not harm economic interests. Verify sources, publish sensational information first, prioritize speed of publication. None 3. What criteria determine the hierarchy of information in a newspaper? The significance of the event The geographical proximity of the subject Sensationalism only Public interest in the subject 4. What impact does advertising have on media independence? No impact, journalists remain neutral The media can be influenced by their advertisers and avoid certain sensitive topics. Advertising prevents the media from covering economic issues Advertisers only fund independent media None 5. A journalist investigates an event and finds two sources who say contradictory things. What is the best approach to take in this case? Publish the information anyway, specifying that differing points of view exist, in order to respect freedom of expression. Choose the source that seems most reliable based on their status (for example, an expert rather than a witness). Cross-check information with other sources to compare versions and conduct a thorough investigation to ensure the accuracy of the facts before publication (e.g., an expert rather than a witness). None 6. Which of these examples is a piece of information? The temperature is 2°C today. It's really cold outside. Global warming does not exist because it is cold. None 7. What is the difference between information and opinion? It depends on who it comes from. If it comes from a journalist, it's information; otherwise, it's an opinion. Information is based on verifiable facts, while opinion reflects personal judgment. Information can be true or false, unlike opinion. 8. According to Reporters Without Borders, how many countries are classified as “very serious” in terms of press freedom in 2024? 12 countries 25 countries 36 countries 50 countries None 9. According to a November 2024 report, what major challenge continues to affect media freedom in the Balkans, both in EU member states and in candidate countries? Lack of training for journalists Political influence on the media Insufficient financial resources Censorship by non-governmental entities None 10. Which European legislation, which came into force on May 7, 2024, aims to protect media pluralism and independence within the European Union? Audiovisual Media Services Directive European Media Freedom Act European Charter of Journalists' Rights Media Transparency Regulations None Time's up
