Confirmation bias: when our brain plays tricks on us
1- What is confirmation bias? Have you ever noticed that you always find evidence to confirm what you already believe?…
Cognitive biases shape the way we perceive, interpret, and remember information, often without us realizing it. Understanding these mental shortcuts is essential to recognize manipulation, strengthen critical thinking, and make informed decisions.
In this section, you’ll find training modules designed for young people, with concrete examples and hands-on exercises to help you spot and avoid these mental traps.
Dunning-Kruger effectDunning-Kruger effect
1- What is the Dunning-Kruger effect? The Dunning-Kruger effect is a cognitive bias identified in 1999 by psychologists David Dunning…
The halo effect: when first impressions cloud our judgmentThe halo effect: when first impressions cloud our judgment
1- What is the halo effect? The halo effect is a cognitive bias that influences our perception of a person,…
The false consensus effect: when we think everyone agrees with usThe false consensus effect: when we think everyone agrees with us
1- What is the false consensus effect? The false consensus effect is a cognitive bias that causes us to overestimate…
Framing Bias: When Form Influences SubstanceFraming Bias: When Form Influences Substance
1- What is framing bias? Framing bias is a cognitive bias that influences our decisions and judgments based on how…
Anchoring bias: how first impressions distort our judgmentAnchoring bias: how first impressions distort our judgment
1- What is anchoring bias? Anchoring bias is a cognitive bias that influences our judgment by anchoring us to initial…
The popularity bias: when popularity influences our judgmentsThe popularity bias: when popularity influences our judgments
1- What is popularity bias? Popularity bias is a psychological phenomenon that leads individuals to believe that an idea, piece…
L’effet de vérité illusoire : pourquoi nous croyons à ce que nous entendons répéterL’effet de vérité illusoire : pourquoi nous croyons à ce que nous entendons répéter
1- What is the illusion of truth effect? The illusory truth effect is a cognitive bias that occurs when we…
The illusion of correlation: why do we think certain things are related when they are not?The illusion of correlation: why do we think certain things are related when they are not?
The illusion of correlation, or illusory correlation bias, is our tendency to perceive a link between two events when none…
The frequency illusion: why do we feel like we see certain things everywhere?The frequency illusion: why do we feel like we see certain things everywhere?
Frequency illusion is a cognitive bias that causes us to overestimate the prevalence of an event or piece of information…
The proportionality bias: when we think that every effect has a cause of equal magnitudeThe proportionality bias: when we think that every effect has a cause of equal magnitude
Why is it hard to believe that a major historical event could have a very simple cause? Why does the…
The homogeneity bias: “Everyone else is the same!”The homogeneity bias: “Everyone else is the same!”
You may have already heard (or thought) phrases like: 👥 “Fans of this club are all violent.” 👮 “Cops are…
